Legal Fallacies In Discussions On DDT And Humans Assignment - 550 Words

Credentials, Agendas, Biases, Legal Fallacies In Discussions On DDT And Humans (Research Paper Sample) Content: NameCourse numberTutors nameDateCredentials, agendas, biases, legal fallacies in discussions on DDT and humans.For decades, the campaigns promoting the use of DDT to combat the spread of malaria, have identified only the positive side of DDT while withholding information on the negative effects of the chemical. The credentials have been to lure more people into use of DDT for malaria control, while limiting meaningful discussions that could enlighten users on dangers of DDT use. While DDT has been used successfully for malaria control, the chemical has myriad negative effects (Herren 283; Bate et al. 1). The breakdown product of DDT referred to as DDE has been linked to male infertility, delays in development, damage of the nervous system, low birth weight and miscarriages, and cancers (Pesticide Action Network 1). The controversies here is that proponents of DDT use, shy away from discussing these adverse negative effects of DDT on humans. The agenda, in this case, has been to use fallacies to increase the use of DDT for malaria control, while exposing millions of people to other adverse effects of the chemical.One clear legal fallacy engaged in by proponents of DDT is the fallacy of omission. The fallacy happens when the use of DDT is encouraged while leaving out the dangerous negative effects of the chemical (Herren 282). Leaving out relevant material in the argument misdirects the users by making them engage in anchoring biases. Users tend to embrace the use of DDT not knowing the negative health effects they are exposed to.Another fallacy committed by the controversy surrounding DDT use is the appeal to tradition. The proponents of DDT insist on the use of the chemical just because people have used it successfully to control malaria. The argument, in this case, is made true, because people have used it before and have believed in it. Such a fallacy leads to availability cascade biases especially when the collective belief becomes true as a result of repeated use. That the premise has been useful in the past does not mean that the premise must work in the future. The argument is not relevant because it brings out the use of DDT as common sense, yet it does ignore vital questions. For example, there are alternative safe ways of combating malaria such as the use of mosquito nets, which will work better than DDT (Blumberg et al. 2080). There are also some documented drawbacks of DDT that the argument fails to consider (Pesticide Action Network 1). The new evidence on negative health benefits of DDT also puts the whole argument in doubt.The controversy surrounding the use of DDT on humans has also engaged in an appeal to force fallacy. In many ways, the supporters of DDT use have used the threat of malaria to force the audience into accepting the use of DDT (Herren 282). ...

Ice Cream Marketing Plan - 3884 Words

I. Executive Summary Ice cream is a highly favored treat for Filipino families. From reunions and get together to singular indulgence and rewards. People from all ages enjoy this coolest of comfort foods. That why we decided to come up with Fruity ice cream owned and operated by CMMS Corporation and soon will be the leading ice cream company in the Philippines or with a rapidly developing consumer brand and growing customer base. The signature line of innovative, premium, ice cream flavors include Nangkasuy, Strawberry Marble Cream, Rocky Road, Chocolate, Double Dutch, Cappuccino, Cookies and Cream, Raspberry Rapture, and Pistachio. Fruity ice cream will also servesugar free ice cream such as Choco marble, French Vanilla and Mixed†¦show more content†¦Strengths * Strong relationships with vendors that offer high-quality ingredients and fast/frequent delivery schedules. * Excellent staff who are highly trained and very customer attentive. * Great retail space that is bright, hip, clean, and loca ted in an upscale mall, suburban neighborhood, or urban retail district. * High customer loyalty among repeat customers. * High-quality dessert offerings that exceed competitor’s offerings in quality, presentation, and price. * Nutritious ice cream * Sales growth during summer and special occasions * Can be purchase easily * Can be patronize even people who are diabetic * Has sugar free flavored ice cream * Have 12 flavors to choose from Weaknesses * Fruity ice cream name lacks brand equity. * A limited marketing budget to develop brand awareness. * The struggle to continually appear to be cutting edge. * Higher price/ a little expensive compare to other brand of icecream * Developments in technology may change this market beyond our ability to adapt. * A small change in the focus of a large competitor might wipe out any market position we achieve. Opportunities * Growing market with a significant percentage of the target market still not aware that fruity ice cream exists. * Increasing sales opportunities in take-out business. * The ability toShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan for Ice Cream4529 Words   |  19 PagesMKT 700 | marketing plan for vavavoom ice cream shop | PREPARED FOR : DR FAIZAH BT ABD RAHIMPREPARED BY : NOR ISMAWARNI BT ISMAIL (2010130259) | 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this marketing plan is to outline the parameters under which the idea of producing and marketing Vavavoom ice cream in the industry. Vavavoom ice cream is a new invented product that gives benefits to society. An evaluation will be made for Vavavoom Ice Cream Shop. The evaluation will incorporate a substantialRead MoreStreets Ice Cream Marketing Plan10342 Words   |  42 Pages0 EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE MARKETING STRATEGIES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦23 5.1 Foreign Direct Investment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦23 5.2 International Joint Venture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...24 5.3 Acquisition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...25 6.0 OBJECTIVES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.26 6.1 Organisation Mission and Corporate Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...26 6.2 Company Product/Market Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..26 7.0 RECOMMENDED MARKETING STRATEGY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreMarketing Plan For Ice Cream Brands1458 Words   |  6 PagesRefreshment segment includes sales of tea bags and other beverage, ice cream, nutrition supply and weight management products. 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Effective Communication At A Client / Counselor Setting

Effective communication is the key to any successful relationship, especially in a client/counselor setting. Occasionally, a client will present with good communication style, but other times, scenes might culminate as the counselor teaching effective communication skills. Professional relationships can prove as less stressful when communicating with certain individuals, opposed to personal relationship interactions; I believe this to be true for me. Although, I scored 55/55 here (Engels, Barrio Minton, Ray, 2010). Looking into a situation from an outside perspective allows me to be clear, concise, and genuine with clients. I am able to remain in a learner role (of the client), and a teacher role (for the client), with reasoning orientations and intervention strategies; rather than playing a participant with emotional or physical ties to the situation. A healthy therapeutic relationship is ensured, encouraged, and developed over time, through open lines of communication. Humo r is often utilized, with many positive communication techniques and appropriate teaching moments, to mutually create hope for the betterment of the client’s future. Another region of successful counseling competencies for me is, remaining professionally proficient; as maximum points were scored (Engels, Barrio Minton, Ray, 2010). My ambition is to behave as professional as possible, regardless of personnel milieu. Advocacy and education for the helping field is always of importance to me.Show MoreRelatedA Research Study On Group Therapy1178 Words   |  5 Pagesthat can be offer to an individual dealing with anxiety is medication and therapy. Out of the two, therapy has been known to be the most effective. Although people are more familiar with traditional therapy, group therapy has become just as prolific. Group counseling is a special type of therapy composed of a small group of individuals under the guidance of a counselor. 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The need to release negative feelings and move forward towards positive change can vary by client. Good Listener – counselors spend a large amount of time listening to their client’s stories and feelings, as counselors you have to be comfortable with providing this timeRead MoreMulticultural Group Counseling : An Effective Multicultural Counselor855 Words   |  4 PagesMulticultural group counseling takes place when a counselor and/or clients are from differing cultural, race, and/or ethnicity groups. Due to the significant demographic changes that are occurring in the United States, multiculturalism is becoming increasingly important. 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Although the techniques and methods are components of the treatment, yet there still not a robot or machine to execute the interventions, as is found on the medical fieldRead MoreMulticultural Counselor Competencies Reflect On Culturally911 Words   |  4 Pages Multicultural counselor competencies reflect on culturally sensitive counselors, that are mindful of several foundational principles. These principals include, activation of schema and confirmatory bias; awareness; group differences; racial and cultural identity development; and multiple. As stated on page 230, paragraph one, The Multicultural Counseling Competencies (Arrendondo et al., 1996; Sue and et al., 1992) set standards for the development of beliefs and attitudes, k nowledgeRead MoreThe Advantage Of Therapeutic Communication In Motivational928 Words   |  4 PagesThe advantage of therapeutic communication in motivational interviewing is establishing grounds for the clients to develop self- openness and confidence to talk about their health challenges and make behavior change. In this paper, I will be discussing the importance of verbal communication skills of motivational interviewing. Verbal communication in motivational interviewing is information sharing between two or more parts by using spoken speeches to convey their intended behavior changes ( ). The

Ratio Analysis & Capital Budgeting Assignment

Question: Describe about ratio analysis capital budgeting. Answer: Ratio analysis: Net profit margin: This ratio is expressed between the net income that has been earned during the period and the sales that have been earned during the stated period. It is arrived at by dividing the net income by sales. Net profit after tax/sales 2.0% -8.4% -24.0% -11.9% The above calculated net profit margin merely shows that the profitability of the company has though changed but still the company needs to work harder so that the company could earn more amounts of profits. The company was earning losses in the initial years under review but is now earning profits. Return on assets: These are the amount of the earnings that have been earned by making an investment of the money in the various assets that have been employed in the business. The efficiency and the effectiveness of the company comes to light during the use of these assets and these are the returns that helps in the generation of the revenues for the company. It is arrived at by dividing the net income by the average of opening as well as the closing balance of the total assets. Net profit after tax/total assets 4.1% -16.6% -51.1% -19.5% The net profit that the company is getting after meeting all its expenses is coming out to be negative which shows either the expenses of the company are more or the sales of the company are too less that it is not able to cover its expenses. Hence, the company must look for the alternatives so that either the sales of the company could increase or the expenses of the company could be reduced. The sales could be increased by the way of offering discounts, advertising its products etc and the expenses could be decreased by the way of eliminating the expenses that are of no use and that are being incurred that are variable in nature. Days of inventory: It is a measure through which the company estimates the number of times the company collects the balance in the accounts receivables account. It is arrived at by dividing the sales by the average of opening and closing accounts receivable. Total assets turnover ratio: It is a measure that helps in ascertaining the extent to which the management is efficient in deploying the assets of the company in order to generate revenues. It is expressed between sales and average assets during a year. It is arrived at by dividing the sales by the average of opening and closing assets. Sales/total assets 2.09 1.98 2.13 1.64 The above shows that the total assets turnover has increased over the time pans but even then there are measures that are required to be undertaken so that the company could improve even more. The net profit that the company is getting after meeting all its expenses is coming out to be negative which shows either the expenses of the company are more or the sales of the company are too less that it is not able to cover its expenses. Hence, the company must look for the alternatives so that either the sales of the company could increase or the expenses of the company could be reduced. The sales could be increased by the way of offering discounts, advertising its products etc and the expenses could be decreased by the way of eliminating the expenses that are of no use and that are being incurred that are variable in nature. Current ratio: Current ratio is the measure that tells us as to what extent the current assets are able to pay off the current liabilities of the company. It is arrived at by dividing the current assets by the current liabilities. Current assets/current liabilities 0.16 0.15 0.26 0.20 The ratio has decreased which shows that the ability of the company to pay off the short term debts has reduced. The company must either pay off its short term debts or improve its inventories etc. it seems that the company is facing a cash crunch, it should either go for a loan or something that could improve its liquidity position. Debt equity ratio: It is a measure to ascertain the extent to which the equity as well as the liabilities of the company is used to finance its assets. It is derived by dividing the total liabilities by shareholders equity of the company. Debt/equity 2.519393513 2.871366629 2.040303615 1.869405535 This shows that the assets of the company have been financed by the equity that belongs to the shareholders which is good since if the assets of the company are financed by funds of the debt holders, then the increased amount of interest has to be paid to them. Equity ratio: The equity ratio is the ratio which is the solvency ratio of the company which this shows that the assets are financed by the owners of the instead of the debt holders. It compares the total equity of the company with the total assets (Accounting course, 2016). Equity/total assets 30.0% 27.5% 34.8% 36.9% The above shows that this ratio has reduced which is not good for the company since it shows that the increased amounts of the assets have been financed using the funds of the debt holders. Earnings per share: This is the amount of the earnings of the company. The formula is to divide the total amounts of the profits by the total number of the ordinary shares that have been issued. Net profit after tax/nos of issued ordinary shares 1.25 (4.75) (54.62) (400.82) The above shows that the earnings per share were negative but now the earnings are positive but even the profits of the company are less and the company must work hard towards decreasing its expenses or increase the sales of it. Dividend per share: This is the amount of the dividend that the company pays per share to its shareholders. Each shareholder expect something or the other on its investment. Hence, the more it is, the better it is for the company. Price earnings ratio: This is the ratio that is expressed between the earnings per share of the company and the market price of the share. Market price per share/earnings per share 12.53 (2.62) (0.69) (0.18) The data shows that the ratio has improved which makes it more viable for an investment for the investors and which must be improved more since it would end up in attracting more investors that could prove profitable for the company. Return on equity: ROE are the earnings that the company earns by investing the funds of the shareholders in the business. The more the return on equity, the better is the profitability of the business. It is arrived at by dividing the net income by the average of opening as well as the closing balance of the shareholders equity. Comprehensive Income/shareholders' equity 12.94% -60.73% -147.26% -52.79% The above shows that the net profit of the company has improved but even then there must be ways through which the net profits could be improved. The net profit that the company is getting after meeting all its expenses is coming out to be negative which shows either the expenses of the company are more or the sales of the company are too less that it is not able to cover its expenses. Hence, the company must look for the alternatives so that either the sales of the company could increase or the expenses of the company could be reduced. The sales could be increased by the way of offering discounts, advertising its products etc and the expenses could be decreased by the way of eliminating the expenses that are of no use and that are being incurred that are variable in nature. Return on net borrowing assets: The return on the net operating assets is the amount of the income which is generated when compared with the amount of the operating assets that are being used. The data used in the restated statements is very different. Operating income after tax (OI)/net operating assets (NOA) 8.974928896 9.068876444 5.636199402 3.944212204 The above shows that the return on the operating assets have improved which means that the return has improved but even then there must be more ways through which the returns must increase more. I feel that the return on the net borrowing assets must be so that it can be equal to the amount of the interest that is being paid on the borrowing assets of the company. Net borrowing cost: Net borrowing cost (N.B.C) is a ratio that tells us how much interest the business is paying for the borrowed capital it has used to purchase its assets. Net fin. expenses after tax/net financial obligations 33.09% 28.40% 53.16% 55.18% The net borrowing cost has decreased which is goods since the companys cost of interest on the borrowings has reduced which would in turn improve the amount of the net profits of the company. Profit margin: It is the ratio that is expressed between the net income that is earned by a company and the sales that are affected during that period (Boundless, 2016). It is arrived at by dividing the net income by sales. The above calculated net profit margin merely shows that the profitability of the company has though changed but still the company needs to work harder so that the company could earn more amounts of profits. The company was earning losses in the initial years under review but is now earning profits. The profit that the company is getting after meeting all its expenses is coming out to be negative which shows either the expenses of the company are more or the sales of the company are too less that it is not able to cover its expenses. Hence, the company must look for the alternatives so that either the sales of the company could increase or the expenses of the company could be reduced. The sales could be increased by the way of offering discounts, advertising its products etc and the expenses could be decreased by the way of eliminating the expenses that are of no use and that are being incurred that are variable in nature. Asset turnover: This is the ratio that signifies the ability of the company to generate the sales by using the assets of the company by the way of comparing the net sales with the average total assets (Accounting tools, 2016). Sales/net operating assets (NOA) 8.72 9.79 7.28 4.47 The date above shows that the ratio has improved which shows improvement in the way the company is using the assets of the company but more efforts must be made so that this is improved even further. Recommendations: For the ratio analysis: The ratios of the company shows an increase which shows efficiency on the part of the management and this merely indicates that the company is working hard in order to recover from the issues that it initially was facing. But even then, there must be more initiatives that must be undertaken by the company so that the company could improve some further. For NPV and IRR: The net present value of the company comes out to be positive with the rate of return to be 14%. The investment proposed to be undertaken shows a positive net present value for the company which shows that the investment could be undertaken. Also, since the net present value is positive, the product could be undertaken without any hassle. In case, the internal rate of return that is company wants comes tout to be 10% or less than 14%, then it would be wise for the company to accept the investment in this project since then the company would be in profit rather than being in losses. But I think that the net present value for the company in case it invests in the project is too less, if it could be more, then it would have been great. But even then if the company feels that this amount of return on that project is good, then the investment can be made in it without any hassles. References: Difference between Economic and Accounting Profit. (2016).Boundless. My Accounting Course. (2016).Asset Turnover Ratio | Analysis | Formula | Example. My Accounting Course. (2016).Equity Ratio | Formula | Analysis | Example.